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Transient receptor potential channels (TRP channels) are a group of ion channels located mostly on the plasma membrane of numerous animal cell types. There are about 28 TRP channels that share some structural similarity to each other. These are grouped into two broad groups: Group 1 includes TRPC ( "C" for canonical), TRPV ("V" for vanilloid), TRPM ("M" for melastatin), TRPN, and TRPA. In group 2, there are TRPP ("P" for polycystic) and TRPML ("ML" for mucolipin). Many of these channels mediate a variety of sensations like the sensations of pain, hotness, warmth or coldness, different kinds of tastes, pressure, and vision. In the body, some TRP channels are thought to behave like microscopic thermometers and used in animals to sense hot or cold. Some TRP channels are activated by molecules found in spices like garlic (allicin), chilli pepper (capsaicin), wasabi (allyl isothiocyanate); others are activated by menthol, camphor, peppermint, and cooling agents; yet others are activated by molecules found in cannabis (i.e., THC, CBD and CBN). Some act as sensors of osmotic pressure, volume, stretch, and vibration. These ion channels are relatively non-selectively permeable to cations, including sodium, calcium and magnesium. TRP channels were initially discovered in ''trp''-mutant strain of the fruit fly ''Drosophila''. Later, TRP channels were found in vertebrates where they are ubiquitously expressed in many cell types and tissues. Most TRP channels are composed of 6 membrane-spanning helices with intracellular N- and C-termini. Mammalian TRP channels are activated and regulated by a wide variety of stimuli and are expressed throughout the body. == Sub-families == They are encoded by at least 28-30〔Zheng J. Molecular Mechanism of TRP Channels. Comprehensive Physiology. 2013;3(1):221-242. doi:10.1002/cphy.c120001, L.J. Wu, T.B. Sweet, D.E. Clapham International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXVI. Current progress in the mammalian TRP ion channel family Pharmacol Rev, 62 (2010), pp. 381–404〕 channel subunit genes divided into seven sub-families: * TRPC (canonical) – associated with Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. * TRPV (vanilloid) – TRPV1 mediates the pungent odour and pain/hot sensations associated with capsaicin and piperine. * TRPA (ankyrin) - Stress (mechanical) receptor. Disputed to be temperature-sensitive; activated by isothiocyanates (pungent chemicals in substances such as mustard oil and wasabi). * TRPM (melastatin) – associated with Hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia * TRPP (polycystin) – associated with Polycystic kidney disease * TRPML (mucolipin) -- associated with Mucolipidosis type IV * TRPN (NOMPC) – no mechanoreceptor potential C - not found in mammals 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Transient receptor potential channel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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